Apparatus for ozonifying.



' o. s. BRADLEY.

APPARATUS POR OZOIIIFY-IINTG.v APPLICATION FILED 001229.19011.

Patented Sept 27,1910.

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' IIIHIII'GQQOQOQ@ ,Illml'GoQGoQGOQ IIHIII'QGGQGQQQ@ 78 1;, a a um 1 1 1 C. S. BRADLEY. APRATUS FOR OZONIFYNG. APPLIGATION FILED QoT.29,1906.

Patented sepas?, 1910.

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G. S. BRADLEY.

APPARATUS FOB. OZONIPYING.

' APPLICATION FILED ooT.29,19o6. v 97 1,244, Patented Sept. 27, 1910.

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` 'e eiazen ef the United states., reeidin CHARLES S. BRAIYJLEY, 0F NE'W'v YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR OZONIFYIING.

Specification of Letters Patent.'

Application led October 29, 1906. Serial No. 341,120.

To allk whom 'it 'may concern:4 Be it known that I, CHARLES S. BRADLnY, 1n the city, county, and State of NewsT ozone, and is especially concerned with an improved form of apparatus for converting oxygen into ozone.

The object of my invention is to provide anozoniier in compacty form which will produce ozone efficiently.

Experiment-s made by me have led me to believe that the conversion of oxygen into ozone is 'a surface action; that is, the conversion takes place at the surface of the plates confining the space. in which the gas is treated, and is due to the impact or bombardment of the charged vmolecule against the surface. Any means for increasing the bombardment will therefore induce` an increased eiiiciency. This increase in bombardment may be accomplished by placing the confining plates closer together than heretofore, so that the charged molecule has less distance to travel. Furthermorevthe velocity of the molecule may be increased by reducing the 'pressure of the gas which is treated, and the bombardment in this way increased. Another method of increasing the velocity of the molecule and consequently the bombardment is to employ a higher electromotive force. When this electromotive force is increased, however, the current density tends to increase, and since increased current density causes increased heat which impairs the efficiency, as is well known, the dielectricsheets must be vmade thicker to permit the higher `electromotive force tobe used without. lowering the etilciency. A still further consideration 'which must be borne in mind in the construction of ozonifying apparatus is, that the rise in temperature due to the treatmentof the gas must be prevented orkept within la comparatively low range. For the purpose of preventing as far as possible the detrimental risein temperature, it is well to make the electrodes of such thickness, that perforations may be madel in them through which air or ,othencooling medium may he forced -or' permitted to circulate sof as to `coolthe electrodes.4 Y

lIn accordance with the observations made ork, have invented certain new and useful Iml my invention, Fig. 2 is a top in my experiments, I have constructed an ozonizing apparatus, the principles of which may be seen` from the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of apparatus constructed in accordance with plan of the same, Fi 3 is a central vertical section thereof, ig. 4 is a perspective View of one of the dielectric sheets 1n -position between the spacing strips hereinafter referred to,-

Fig. 5 is a detail yiew`showin the disposition of the dielectric sheet witl itsspaciug strips between a pair of the electrodes, Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the corner blocks hereinafter referred to, and Fi 7 is a side elevation f the apparatus prov1ded with pressure reducing means.

` Referrin now specifically to said drawings, 10 in icates the electrode plates which are preferably of aluminium, and of suiiicient thickness to permit of vertical perforations v11 through which cooling air may be allowed or forced to pass. The dlelectrics are preferably in the form of sheets of mica 12, which may be substantially the same length and height as the electrode plates 10. Spacing strips 13 (see especially Figs. 4 and 5)- inclose the upper and lower edges of the dielectric sheets 12, and are held between the electrode plates l0. The spacing strips 13 are also preferably of mica and are extended some dlstance beyond the upper land lower edges of the electrodes, as clearly shown in Fig. 5, to prevent sparks from jumping around the dielectric from one electrede over to the other. I prefer to use mica for the dielectric sheets and spacing strips rather than glass, for the reason that it is less apt to become fractured and may stand amuch higher strain when the elements of theozonifier are drawn tightly together, in

the manner hereinafter described. It willv be seen that narrow ozonifying spaces 14 closed above a'nd below but open `'at the two Patented sept. 2 7, 1910.

ends are formedbetween each pair of electrodes and the dielectric sheet.` The electrode plate is therefore not protected from the oxidizing effect of the ozone, and it is for this reason that I prefer to make the electrode of aluminium since this metal is not attacked by ozone. In this construction it will be seen that four surfaces arepresent in the spaces between each pair of electrodes, two electrode surfaces and two dielectric spaces. There is thus a much greater bom- .inlet and 'outlet funnels, at the ends of the electrode plates 10 of consi bardment area than in forms of ozonizing apparatus in which the electrodes are secured upon the outer surfaces of the dielectrics and bombardment can only take place between the two surfaces of the dielectric sheets. A further advanta e in making the erable thickness is to enable me to secure corner blocks 15 'of insulating material, preferably of ber, (Fig. 6) to their corners for securing the ozonifying s aces 14. As shown in Fi 1, the corner b ocks 15 are secured to the ieveled corners of electrode plates 10 by screws 16 countersunk in the corner blocks 15, the corner blocks being of the same thickness as the electrode plates 10,'thus fitting between the projecting pairs of spacing strips 13. For the urpose of clamping together the elements o the apparatus, yI provide clampplates'17 of insulating material, prefer- Iy fiber, and bolt these together diagonally insulating bolts 18 also preferably of ber. On each end of the apparatus I then place suitable inlet and outlet funnels or hoods 19 each in communication with one end of the ozonifying spaces'above referred to. These funnels are so formed as to permit of airtight connection being made with .the projecting ends of the corner blocks, so that there is then a tight passageway from the supply pipe into the inlet funnel throu h the ozonifying spaces andnout by the out et funnel.

Binding posts20 and 21 of any suitable form may be secured to the outer electrodes for connecting the electric conductors 22 and 23 to the ap aratus. The series of elec trodes and d1e ectrics thus forms a plurality across the outer electrode .plates b of coridensers in series, in each of which a pair of ozonifying spaces 14 is provided for the passage of air or other gas to be treated. The numberl of electrode plates may of course be varied to suit the particular condition under which the apparatus is to be operated.

'In order to obtain the desired reduction in pressure in the gas which is in the ozonifying spaces 14 I insert a suitable pump in the inlet funnel or hood 19 and in the outlet funnel or hood 19 I provide a suitable form of air pump. This portion of the apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 7. Referring to said figure it will be seen that in the inlet funnel 19 a pump 24 is placed. In the outlet funnel 19 is then placed the l air pump 27. The pump 24 and pump 27 may be of any suitable form but preferably in the form shown, which comprises a pair of revolving blades 28 and 29 operating in la casin 30. Any suitable form of driving mechanism may be employed to actuate the air pump, and the pump 24 which is driven by atmospheric pressure 1s made of smaller capacity and suitably connected with the pump 27;:so as to have the same velocity and thus the reduction of ressure is obtained.

-i While I ave shown speciic details andl described a specific form of the apparatus,

this form has been shown 'and described not as an indication of the full scope of the same. Various details of construction may be modified to suit the conditions of. operation.

In constructing the "apparatus, the ozonifying spaces should have as small a volume with respect to the electrode surface as the conditions of operation will permit, or in merely as an example of my invention, and

' other words, the electrodes should be at the minimum permissible distance apart and thus leave a space having minimum crosssection and volume. In this wa the electromotive force used can be materlally reduced without lowering the yield and thus the eiiiciency increased.

Having thus described my invention, the following is whatI claim as 'new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. An ozonier comprising a plurality of electrodes and dielectrics spaced between them, said dielectrics being twice as thick as the width of the spaces between them and the electrodes.

2.4 An ozonifier comprisin a plurality of electrodes, dielectrics space between them, said dielectrics being as thick as or thicker than thev width of the space between them and the electrodes, and means for maintaining the pressure in the space below atmospheric pressure. I

3. An ozonifier comprising a plurality of electrodes, dielectrics between said electrodes,means for maintaining spacesbetween said dielectrics and the electrodes as small as or smaller than the thickness of said dielectrics and means for maintaining the pressure in said spaces below atmospheric pressure.

l4. An ozonifier, comprising a plurality of electrodes, dielectrics spaced between them, said dielectrics being twice as thick as the space between them and the electrodes, and means for maintaining the pressure in said spaces below atmosphericpressure.

5. In an ozoniier, the combination with electrodes, dielectrics and spacing means; of a pair of clamping plates', means for causing the clamping plates to approach each other and thus clam between them the electrodes, dielectrics and 'spacing means, and means for maintaining the pressure in the spaces formed between the dielectrics and electrodes below atmospheric pressure.

6. In an ozonifer, the combmation with electrodes, dielectricsand spacing means, said 'spacing means being as thin as or thinner than said dielectrics; of a pair of clamping plates, means for causing the iss clamping platesito approaclr each other and thus clamp betfween them the electrodes, dlelectrlcs and spacing means and means for tween said dielectrics and electrodes, and

funnels leadingy to and from the spaces formed between the dielectrics and electrodes, of means for clamping together the electrodes, dielectrics and spacing means,

` and means for maintaining the pressure 1n the spaces between the dielectrics and electrodes below atmospheric-pressure.

' `corner` blocks and spacing means,

secured at the ends of the electrodes by said` 8. In anozonifer, the combination with electrodes, dielectrics, spacing means as thin as or thinner than said dielectrics, andA fun-- nels leading ,to andvfrom the spaces formed between the dielectrics and electrodes; t of means for clamping together the electrodes, dielectrics and spacing means, and means for maintaining the pressure insaid spaces between the electrodes and dielectrics below atmospheric pressure.

j 9. In an ozoniier, the combination with electrodes, dielectrics, corner blocks on the electrodes, and spacing means; of means for clamping together the electrodes, dielectrics, corner blocks, and spacing means, and funnels secured at the ends of the electrodes by said corner'blocks.

10. In anozonier, the combination with electrodedielectrics, spacing corner blocks on the electrodes andspacing means as thin as this or thinner than said dielectrics; of means for clamping together the electrodes, dielectrics, corner blocks and spacing means, and tunnels secured at the ends of the electrodes by said corner blocks leading to and from the spaces formed between the electrodes and dielectrics.

1l. In an ozonilier, the combination with electrodes,` dielectrics, corner blocks on the electrodes, andspacing means between said dielectrics and electrodes; of means for clamping together the electrodes, dielectrics, corner blocks and s acing means, tunnels secured at the ends o -the electrodes by said corner Vblocks and-means .for clamping together the electrodes, dielectrics, corner blocks and spacing means, funnels secured at the ends of the electrodes by said corner blocks and means for maintaining the pressure in the spaces formed between the electrodes and dielectrics below atmospheric pressure.

12. In an ozonier, lthe combination with electrodes, dielectrics, corner blocks on the electrodes, and spacing means as thin as or thinner than said dielectrics, Vof means of clamping together the electrodes, dielectrics, tunnels corner blocks and means vfor maintaining the pressure in the spaces formed between the electrodes and dielectrics below atmospheric pressure.

13. In an ozonifier, the combination with electrodes, corner blocks thereon, dielectric sheets i between the electrodes and corner blocks, and spacing strips spacing apart the dielectrics and electrodes and closing the spaces 'at two sides; of means for clamping together the electrodes, corner blocks, dielectrlcs and spacing strips, and tunnels secured to the corner blocks and leading to and from the open portions of the spaces between the dielectrics and electrodes.

14.v In an ozoniiier, the combination with electrodes, corner blocks thereon, dielectric sheets between the electrodes and corner blocks, and spacing strips as thin as orv thinner than said dielectrics, spacing apart the `dielectrics and electrodes and closing the spaces formed at two sides; of means for clamping together the electrodes, corner blocks, dielectrics and spacing strips and tunnels secured to the corner blocks leading f to and from the open portions of the spaces formed between the dielectrics and elec,

' trodes.

l5. In an ozonifier, the combination with electrodes, corner blocks thereon, dielectric 'sheets between the electrodes and corner spaces between them at two sides; of means for-'clamping togetherthe electrodes, corner blocks, dielectrics and spacing strips, funnels secured tothe corner blocks and leading to and from the open portions of the spaces formed between the dielectrics and electrodes, and means for maintaining the pressure 1n said spaces below atmospheric pressure.

16. In an ozonilier, the combination with electrodes, corner blocks thereon, dielectric sheets between the electrodes and corner blocks, spacing strips as thin as or thinner than the said dielectrics, spacing apartthe dielectrics and electrodesv and closing the spaces formed between them at two sides, of means for clamping together the electrodes, corner blocks, dielectrics and spacing strips, tunnels secured to the corner blocks and leading to and from the open portions of the spaces formed between the dielectrics and electrodes' and means for maintaining the pressure in said spaces below atmospheric pressure.

17. In an ozoniier, the combination with electrodes, dielectrics and spacing means spacing apart the dielectrics and electrodes; of insulating means forclamping together the electrodes, dielectrics and spacing means, and means. for maintaining the pressure in the vspaces formed between the dielectrics and electrodes below atmospheric pressure.

/v18. In an ozonifer, the .combination with electrodes, dielectrics and spacingmeans sure in said spaces below atmospheric pressure.

19. In an ozoniier, the combination with electrodes, dielectrics and spacing means asy thin as or thinner than said dielectrics and spacing apart the dielectricsand electrodes and insulating means for clamping together the said electrodes, dielectrics and spacing.

means and means for maintaining the pressure in the spaces formed between the d1elec' tries and electrodes below atmosphericpressure.

20. In an ozonifier, the combination with electrodes, dielectrics and spacing means as thin as or thinner than said dielectrics and spacing apart the dielectrics and electrodes; of insulating meansl for clamping together the said electrodes, dielectrics and spacing means, funnels leading to and from the spaces formed between the dielectrics and electrodes,' and 4means for maintaining the pressure, in said lspaces below atmospheric pressure.

21. In an ozonifier, the combination with means fonproducing electric discharge; of means for lntroducing gas into the electric discharge in minimum quantity per discharge area.

22. In an ozoniier, the combination with means for producing electric discharge; of

means for introducing as into the electric dischar e, and means or facilitating. the bombar ment caused by said discharge.

23. An ozonifier having suitable means for producing electric discharge, and means for subjecting gas at a ressure below atmospheric to the electric discharge produced thereby.'

24. An .o'zo'nifier having apair of electro'des for producing between 'them electric discharge, and means for introducing ga's l vbetween the electrodes at a pressure below atmospheric. V

25. An ozonifier having a pair of electrodes forproducing between them electric discharge, intermediate dielectric means between said electrodes, and means for introducing gas between the electrodes, at a pres-4 sure below atmospheric.

26. An ,ozoniter having a pair of electrodes forming between them the ozonify- .ing space and placed substantially as near together `as electrical considerations permlt, and means for introducing gas at a pressure below atmospheric into the ozonifying space.

`27. An ozonifier having ya air of electrodes and an intermediate dlelectric, said dielectrics forming between them the ozonifying space and placed substantially asnear together as electrical considerations permit, and means for introducing gas into the ozoniying space at a pressure below at mospheric. f

CHARLES S. BRADLEY. Witnesses: v

O. KNIGHT, Jr. 

